CPAP masks: for whom? Why? How to choose?

Mask type	Nasal mask	Nostril mask	Oronasal mask
Benefits	Delivers air directly to the nostrils Airtight chamber for improved humidification Clear field of vision	Excellent sealing, virtually no leakage No marks on nose bridge or cheeks Easy to fit and remove	Freedom to breathe through nose or mouth Suitable for nasal congestion
Disadvantages	Can cause air leaks on the sides of the nose May leave marks on the bridge of the nose May be difficult to adjust for some models	Sensation of direct air in nostrils Humidification sometimes less effective	More restricted field of view Increased risk of oral leakage

What is sleep apnea and why is a CPAP mask necessary?

Sleep apnea is a breathing disorder that occurs during sleep.

It is a syndrome characterized by repeated pauses in breathing (apneas) or significant reductions in airflow (hypopneas) due to partial or complete obstruction of the upper airways.

There are two main types of sleep apnea:

➡ Obstructive apnea is the most common and occurs when the airway narrows or blocks due to relaxation of the throat muscles.

➡ Central apnea, on the other hand, is caused by a dysfunction of the nervous system that controls breathing.

Understanding how a PPC mask works

The role of the PPC mask

The CPAP (Continuous Positive Airway Pressure) mask is used to treat sleep apnea.

Its main purpose is to deliver a flow of pressurized air into the patient's upper airways.

This continuous air supply prevents airway obstruction or narrowing, enabling normal, uninterrupted breathing throughout the night.

How does the PPC mask work?

The PPC mask is connected to a device that compresses ambient air and delivers it under pressure through a tube to the mask.

This allows the patient to breathe freely and prevents apneas (respiratory arrest) and hypopneas (reduced airflow).

The different types of PPC masks

There are three main types of CPAP masks, each designed to meet specific patient needs and preferences:

1. Nasal mask: covers the nose only and is suitable for patients who breathe mainly through the nose while sleeping.

2. Oronasal (or facial) mask: covers both nose and mouth, a solution for patients who tend to breathe through the mouth while sleeping.

3. The Nasal mask, which is inserted directly into the nostrils, which may be more comfortable for some patients, but can also be more invasive.

Choosing the right type of PPC mask

Nasal mask

Advantages:

✅ Delivers pressurized air directly into the nostrils in a "gentle" way

✅ Creates a sealed air chamber around the nose for better humidification

✅ Provides an unobstructed field of vision

Disadvantages:

❌ May cause air leaks on the sides of the nose

❌ May leave marks on nasal bridge

❌ Can be difficult to adjust on some models

Nostril mask

Advantages:

✅ Excellent sealing, virtually no leaks

✅ No marks on nose bridge or cheeks

✅ Easy to install and remove

Disadvantages:

❌ Sensation of direct air in the nostrils

❌ Humidification sometimes less effective

Oronasal (or facial) mask

Advantages:

✅ Freedom to breathe through nose or mouth

✅ Suitable for nasal congestion

Disadvantages:

❌ Narrower field of vision

❌ Increased risk of mouth leaks

Criteria to consider when choosing a PPC mask

Comfort

An uncomfortable mask can lead to:

💊 air leaks,

💊 skin irritation,

💊 simply disturbed sleep.

Choose a lightweight mask with soft, adjustable cushions to fit the contours of your face perfectly.

Waterproofing

Excessive air leakage can reduce pressure delivery and compromise airway opening.

Opt for a well-fitting mask, with soft cushions that adapt to your facial morphology.

Size

A mask that's too small can cause leaks and irritation, while one that's too large can be uncomfortable.

Most manufacturers offer printable sizing templates to help you find your ideal size.

Air leakage

Air leaks can be annoying, noisy and compromise treatment efficiency.

Choose a mask with a design that minimizes leakage, such as:

💊 nostril cushions,

💊 silent air vents.

Ease of use

A mask that's easy to put on, adjust and clean will make your daily routine a whole lot easier.

Choose models with intuitive adjustment systems and removable components for simplified maintenance.

Freedom of movement

If you're a restless sleeper, opt for a mask with a 360° swivel connection or a top-of-head air inlet.

This will allow you to move freely without pulling on the hose.

Care and cleaning of PPC masks

Daily cleaning

Daily cleaning of your PPC mask maintains optimum hygiene and prolongs its life.

After each use, follow these simple steps:

1. Disassemble the mask, separating all removable components (cushions, straps, etc.).
2. Rinse each part thoroughly with lukewarm water to remove condensation and residues.
3. Use a mild soap and scrub gently with a soft bristle brush to clean thoroughly.
4. Rinse thoroughly with clean water to remove all soap residue.
5. Dry the mask completely with a clean, lint-free cloth before reassembling.

Weekly deep cleaning

Once a week, perform a more thorough cleaning:

1. Remove the mask completely.
2. Soak all parts in a solution of hot water and mild detergent for about 30 minutes.
3. Gently brush each component with a soft bristle brush.
4. Rinse thoroughly with clean water.
5. Allow to dry completely before reassembling.

Maintenance precautions

- Never use bleach, alcohol or abrasive products that could damage mask materials.

- Avoid exposing the mask to direct sunlight to prevent premature degradation.

- Regularly replace worn or damaged components in accordance with the manufacturer's recommendations.

- Carefully follow the care instructions provided by the manufacturer of your specific mask.

FAQ about PPC masks

Q. How long does it take to get used to a PPC mask?

It usually takes a few weeks to fully adapt to the use of a CPAP mask.

At first, it's normal to feel some discomfort or to wake up frequently at night.

Follow these tips to make the transition easier:

- Wear the mask a few hours before bedtime to get used to it.

- Adjust mask settings and angle for optimum comfort. 

- Use moisturizing products to avoid skin irritation.

- Change the type of mask if problems persist after a few weeks [2]

Q. What are the common side effects of CPAP masks?

The main side effects include:

💊 dry nose and mouth,

💊 skin irritation,

💊 air leaks,

💊 nasal congestion,

💊 morning headaches.

To attenuate them:

- Use a heated humidifier to keep the air moist.

- Try different mask types/sizes for a better fit.

- Clean the mask regularly to avoid irritation. 

- Adjust pressure if necessary.

- Decongest the nose before using the mask.

Q. Can you sleep on your side with a CPAP mask?

Yes, it is quite possible to sleep on your side with a CPAP mask, but it may require some adjustments:

- Choose a mask with a pivoting or top-entry air supply.

- Use a light, flexible hose for greater freedom of movement.

- Place the CPAP unit behind you to avoid tension on the hose.

- Try different positions until you find the most comfortable.